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Descriptive Statements:
- Identify basic structures and functions of major body systems.
- Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology in relation to health, fitness, growth, and development (e.g., anatomical changes that occur during various stages of growth, how the functioning of the immune system affects health).
- Demonstrate knowledge of sequences, stages, and characteristics of cognitive, social, ethical, spiritual, and emotional growth and development across the life span.
- Analyze the effect of interpersonal relationships (e.g., peers, family, school) on the development of personal values and beliefs.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the effect of lifestyle behaviors, environment, and heredity on growth, development, and overall health.
- Identify strategies for encouraging physical, cognitive, social, ethical, spiritual, and emotional growth throughout the life span.
Sample Item:
Which of the following body systems relays sensory and motor impulses from the brain and spinal cord to internal organs, skeletal muscles, glands, and body surfaces?
- the endocrine system
- the musculoskeletal system
- the cardiovascular system
- the peripheral nervous system
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
D. This question requires the examinee to identify basic structures and functions of major body systems. In the peripheral nervous system, cranial nerves connect the brain with sensory organs, the heart, and other internal organs. Spinal nerves carry impulses between the spinal cord and skeletal muscles.
Descriptive Statements:
- Identify the sources, functions, and effects of nutrients, including the lack or excess of particular nutrients, on body systems, energy processes, physical performance, and body composition.
- Demonstrate knowledge of how to find and use nutritional planning tools and guidelines in order to establish, monitor, and achieve personal nutrition goals.
- Evaluate nutritional needs, concerns, and requirements for various ages, fitness levels, health conditions, and purposes.
- Apply knowledge of how to interpret nutritional facts (e.g., food safety, fast food) and labels and how to use this information to make informed health-enhancing decisions.
- Demonstrate knowledge of factors related to designing, selecting, monitoring, and adjusting a personal nutrition plan.
- Analyze various influences on eating behaviors and how they affect the functioning of the human body and overall health.
- Identify behaviors and effects associated with disordered eating patterns and eating disorders.
- Identify strategies and resources for helping individuals with disordered eating patterns and eating disorders.
Sample Item:
An adequate intake of carbohydrates is essential for nutritional health because the human body:
- uses carbohydrates as the raw material for making antibodies, enzymes, and hormones.
- converts carbohydrates to glucose, which is the fuel that supplies the energy needed for daily activities.
- uses carbohydrates to transport fat-soluble vitamins and convert cholesterol to vitamin D.
- relies on carbohydrates to supply the essential amino acids needed for muscle and connective tissue growth.
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
B. This question requires the examinee to identify functions and effects of nutrients on body systems and energy processes. Carbohydrates are the macronutrients that supply the human body with the energy needed to sustain normal activity. The body metabolizes simple sugars and complex carbohydrates quickly and efficiently, converting them into glucose, the fuel for the body's cells.
Descriptive Statements:
- Demonstrate knowledge of the components of health-related physical fitness and appropriate activities for addressing these components.
- Describe concepts, approaches, and techniques for assessing personal fitness levels.
- Identify fitness strategies and goals that protect and promote health.
- Analyze ways in which personal health and fitness goals may vary with changing abilities, priorities, and responsibilities.
- Identify principles and methods for designing, accessing, implementing, and monitoring personal fitness plans.
- Demonstrate knowledge of training principles that enhance health-related fitness.
- Demonstrate knowledge of how body and energy systems adapt to short- and long-term physical activity.
- Identify factors that affect physical fitness and health risks associated with inactivity and poor fitness levels.
- Analyze the interrelationships among the dimensions of wellness.
Sample Item:
A female high school student includes both cycling and swimming in her summer fitness program. As she participates in these activities, she tries to maintain a target heart rate of 60 percent to 80 percent of her maximum heart rate. This fitness goal is based on which of the following training principles?
- specificity of training
- intensity of training
- frequency of training
- progression of training
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
B. This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of training principles that enhance health-related fitness. In this scenario, the student applies the principle of intensity of training in two types of aerobic exercise. Monitoring and maintaining a heart rate of 60 to 80 percent of one's maximum heart rate during sustained aerobic exercise provides health-related benefits such as strengthening the cardiovascular system, improving oxygen utilization and lung capacity, and increasing endurance and stamina.
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